Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Characteristics：

1. ADHD can be categorized into three types: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive, and combined type. Hyperactivity does not occur in all cases.

2. Students with ADHD may struggle to maintain focus over long periods but can exhibit intense concentration on activities of personal interest, such as gaming or creative work. Even those who appear focused briefly may still have ADHD.

3. Most students with ADHD have normal intelligence; however, attention difficulties may prevent their academic performance from reflecting their true potential.

4. As individuals mature, hyperactivity may decrease through development or training, though attention difficulties often persist into adulthood. While ADHD cannot be fully cured, stimulant medications can significantly reduce symptoms.

Stimulant medication enhances attention and behavior regulation but may cause fatigue or reduced focus when its effects wear off.

Teacher and Peer Support：

1. Recognize ADHD as a neurodevelopmental condition rather than attributing behaviors to laziness or lack of willpower.

2. Communicate concisely and emphasize key points. Lengthy explanations may overwhelm attention span, so brief and focused instructions are more effective.

3. Offer structured guidance, checklists, or step-by-step instructions to support task completion.

4. Provide additional learning support, such as shared course notes or remedial sessions, to reduce frustration and stress when students fall behind.

**Source of the video: YouTube – “ADHD: Challenges and Breakthroughs from Childhood to Adulthood” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VaASyWP_Z8g

**References and Teaching Resources : https://sproutsschools.com/adhd/